Tuberculosis (TB)
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. It's caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Causes:
Tuberculosis is primarily spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. People nearby may inhale the bacteria and become infected.
Transmission:
Airborne Transmission: When an infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings, they expel tiny droplets containing the TB bacteria into the air. Others nearby can inhale these bacteria and become infected.
Close Contact: Prolonged or frequent exposure to an infected person increases the risk of contracting tuberculosis.
Weak Immune System: People with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or individuals undergoing chemotherapy, are at higher risk of becoming infected with TB.
Living Conditions: Crowded or poorly ventilated environments, such as prisons or shelters, increase the risk of exposure to TB bacteria.
Unsanitary Conditions: Poor hygiene, malnutrition, and lack of access to healthcare can also contribute to the spread of TB.
It's important to note that not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick. In many cases, the immune system can suppress the bacteria, leading to a latent TB infection. However, the bacteria can become active and cause illness if the immune system becomes weakened. This underscores the importance of early detection, diagnosis, and appropriate treatment for TB.
Symptoms:
- Prolonged Cough: A persistent cough that lasts three weeks or longer.
- Chest Pain: Pain or discomfort in the chest.
- Coughing up Blood: Sometimes seen in advanced cases.
- Fatigue: Feeling weak or fatigued.
- Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss.
- Fever: Often low-grade in the afternoon or evening.
- Night Sweats: Profuse sweating, particularly at night.
- Loss of Appetite: Decreased hunger and subsequent weight loss.
Diagnosis:
Treatment:
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